Grade 8


                        Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct speech means when we say or quote the actual words of a speaker while an indirect speech means when we say or report what a speaker said without quoting the exact words of a speaker. An indirect speech is also called a reported speech. Examples:

Akan said, “ I am very hungry.” (direct speech)
Akan said that he was very hungry. (indirect speech)

Points to Consider in Direct and Indirect Speech
  • Reporting Speech: The first part in the direct speech.
  • Reported Speech: The second part of the sentence, which is closed in inverted commas or quotation marks.
  • Reporting Verb: The verb of the reporting speech.
  • Reported Verb: The verb of the reported speech.
A.      Changes in Tense
Tense
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
present simple
I like ice cream
Past simple
She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous
I am living in London
Past continuous
She said (that) she was living in London.
past simple
I bought a car
Past perfect
She said (that) she had bought a car
past continuous
I was walking along the street
Past perfect continuous
She said (that) she had been walking along the street.
present perfect
I haven't seen Julie
Past perfect
She said (that) she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect*
I had taken English lessons before
Past perfect
She said (that) she had taken English lessons before.
Will
I'll see you later
She said (that) she would see me later.
would*
I would help, but..”
She said (that) she would help but...
Can
I can speak perfect English
She said (that) she could speak perfect English.
could*
I could swim when I was four
She said (that) she could swim when she was four.
Shall
I shall come later
She said (that) she would come later.
should*
I should call my mother
She said (that) she should call her mother
might*
I might be late
She said (that) she might be late
Must
I must study at the weekend
She said (that) she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend
B.      Changes in adverbs and other important words
Words
Changed Into
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
This
That
He says, “He wants to buy this book.”
He says that he wants to buy that book.
These
Those
He says, “He wants to buy these books.”
He says that he wants to buy those books.
Here
There
She says, “Everybody was here.”
She says that everybody was there.
Now
Then
They say, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
They say that it’s ten o’clock then.








Today
That Day
She said, “I am going to London today.”
She said that she was going to London that day.
Yesterday
The Previous Day
She said, “I visited Oxford University yesterday.”
She said that she had visited Oxford University the previous day.
Tomorrow
Following Day or Next Day
She said, “I am going to London tomorrow.”
She said that she was going to London the next day.
Tonight
That Night
She said, “I am going to see him tonight.”
She said that she was going to see him that night.

Assignment: Complete the sentences in reported speech.

1.He said, "I like this song."
→ He said -------------------------------------
2."Where is your sister?" she asked me.
→ She asked me---------------------------------
3."I don't speak Italian," she said.
→ She said --------------------------------
4."Say hello to Jim," they said.
→ They asked me -------------------------------
5."The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
→ He said-----------------------------------------------

                Diphthong /Ↄi/
To pronounce the diphthong /i/, you start with // and let the tongue move gradually in a gliding movement towards the position for the production of /i/, then, the /Ↄi/ sound is produced.

Spelling the /Ↄi/ sound:
oi                                        oy
choice                                boy
avoid                                  coy
point                                  toy
toil                                     joy
poison                              enjoy
coil                                    Joyce
noise                                 oyster
foil                                     joystick
joint                                    joyful
boil                                      joyous
Assignment: With five examples each, state the spelling symbols for /Ↄi/ sound.
Submit your assignment through this mail-terhembatse1987@yahoo.com    

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