Grade 9

                        Word Boundaries

A word boundary is where one word ends and another one begins. Word boundary helps a reader for easy reading and comprehension or understanding of a writing. In written English, every word stands alone but in spoken English, all the words are connected. This is called connected speech. Connected speech usually occurs in compound expressions which are usually phrases. In speech, when the first word in a compound expression ends with the letter ‘r’, ‘f’, ‘v’, ‘s’, d, it is linked without break to the vowel of the next word. Examples:

Matter of fact, fear of God, loaf of bread, pair of shoes, leave of absence, love of your country, love at first sight, House of Lords, because of money, fond of, band of robbers etc.

In some compound expressions, when a linking word like ‘and’ is used to link other words or expressions, it loses its strength and takes a weak form as the /d/ is not heard. This occurs in spoken form. Examples:

My father and mother have come back. (written form).

My father an(d) mother have come back [ən]. (spoken form)

We play rock and roll. (written form)

We play rock an(d) roll [ən]. (spoken form)

I like Peter and Paul. [written form)

I like Peter an(d) Paul [ən]. (spoken form)

Assignment: Write down five compound expressions that show connected speech. To be submitted on 26th March, 2020.

                                   

                                 Phrases

A phrase is a group of words which acts as a unit and which has no finite verb. Examples: on the seat, very fast, with black shoes etc.

                               Types of phrases

There are three main types of phrases. These are:

A.   Noun Phrase: A noun phrase is a group of words that acts as a noun and has a noun as the head word. Examples:

-         Our kind mother

-         Your   book

-         The big tree

-         Wicked boy

Like a noun, a noun phrase can function as:

i. the subject of a verb e.g.

- The little boy is my son.

ii. the object of a verb e.g

-Shehu kicked the ball.

iii. complement of the subject e.g.

-Mr. Ken is a teacher.

B. Adjective Phrase: This is a group of words that acts as an adjective for qualifying a noun or pronoun. Examples:

- A page with no writing on it.

-  The bird on that tree is a dove.

- The car near the pole is hers.

- The man whose bag was stolen is my uncle.

C. Adverb Phrase: This a group of words that acts as an adverb. It may generally modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb denoting manner, place or time. Examples:

Manner:

-         He kills without any course.

-         We danced in a beautiful style.

-         They moved with a great speed.

Place:

-         We will meet in Lagos.

-         Send it to another place.

-         They left them at that place.

Time:

-         Let us leave at this very moment.

-         Please call us as soon as possible.

He died in June last year

Assignment:
 1a. What is a phrase?
1b.   With two examples each, explain the following types of phrases:
i. adverb phrase
ii. adjective phrase
iii. noun phrase
To be submitted on 2nd April, 2020.
                     Vocabulary of Health and Medicine

Cardiology: the care and treatment of heart diseases.

Casualty ward: where accident victims are treated.

Dermatology: connected with skin diseases.

ENT: Ear, Nose and Throat.

Gynaecology:  the study of diseases and disorders in women.

Matron: a woman who is the head of the nursing staff in a hospital.

Mortuary: a room or building where dead bodied are kept until they are taken to be buried or cremated.

Neurology: the study of brain disorders.

Orthopaedic: the treatment of bone related diseases or disorders.

Paediatrics: concerned with treatment of children’s disease.

Patient: someone who receives medical treatment.

Pharmacy: a shop or part of the hospital where medicines are prepared and sold.

Physiotherapy: the treatment of injury or diseases of the joints or muscles.

Radiology: deals with x-ray.

Theatre: where operations are performed.

                          Examples in Sentences

-Akan wants to study Physiotherapy in the University of Edinburg.

-One who studies Neurology is called a neurologist.

-Zainab is a matron at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital.

Assignment: 1a. list ten words that are associated with health and medicine.

                        1b.  make two sentences with each of the following words:

                                  Gynaecology, radiology, physiotherapy, neurology and                                                                

                                  Matron.

Submit your assignment through this mail-terhembatse1987@yahoo.com